LECTURES or TUTORIALS
VI-th and VII-th semesters; Lectures = 45 h + Tutorials = 75 h
VIII-th and IX-th semesters; Seminars =15 h + Tutorials = 30 h
Program of lectures on medical pharmacology during VI- and VII-th semesters
1. Rational prescribing and prescription writing
1.1 Rational prescribing T
1.1.1 The prescription and its elements T
1.1.2 Classes of therapeutic agents T
1.1.3 Prescribing a drug of choice. Prescribing errors T
1.2 Drug forms T
1.2.1 Solid and semisolid forms T
1.2.2 Liquids and galenicals T
2. The subject of pharmacology
2.1 Principles of Pharmacokinetics L/T
2.1.1 Metabolism of drugs and specific pharmacokinetic parameters L/T
2.2 Pharmacodynamics L/T
2.2.1 Drug receptor interactions L/T
2.3 Relationship between ddug dose and clinical effect. Toxic and beneficial effects L/T
2.4 Drug interactions L/T
3. Chemotherapeutic drugs
3.1 Principles of antimicrobial drug action L/T
3.2 Sulphonamides and trimethoprim and mixtures L/T
3.3 Antibiotics L/T
3.3.1 beta lactam drugs L/T
3.3.2 aminoglycosides L/T
3.3.3 tetracyclines and chloramphenicol L/T
3.3.4 macrolides and lincosamines L/T
3.3.5 polypeptide antibiotics L/T
3.4 quinolones and fluoroquinolones L/T
3.5 antimycobacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiprotozoal drugs L/T
3.6 disinfectants and antiseptics L/T
4. Pharmacological basis of cancer chemotherapy L
5. Autacoids and neurotransmitters
5.1 Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes T
5.2 angiotension, receptors and antagonists T
5.3 kinins and drugs affecting these systems T
5.4 histamine L/T
5.5 serotonin T
5.6 acetylcholine T
5.7 catecholamines T
5.8 GABA and drugs acting at the GABA receptors T
5.9 Glutamate and drugs acting on excitatory aminoacid receptors T
6. Endocrine drugs
6.1 hypothalamic and pituitary hormones L/T
6.2 pancreatic hormones L/T
6.2.1 Insulin and glucagon L/T
6.2.2 Oral hypoglycaemic agents L/T
6.3 Adrenocorticosteroids
6.3.1 Glucocorticoids L/T
6.3.2 mineralocorticoids L/T
6.4 Thyroid and parathyroid hormones L/T
6.4.1 Thyroid and antithyroid drugs L/T
6.4.2 Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis L/T
6.5 Gonadal hormones and inhibitors (self-directed study)
Renal pharmacology
7.1 diuretic agents L
7.1.1 loop agents L
7.1.2 Thiazides L
7.1.3 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors L
7.1.4 K-sparing agents L
7.1.5 Osmotic agents L
7.1.6 ADH-agonists and antagonists L
Histamine antagonists
8.1 Histamine receptors blockers L
8.1.1 H1-receptor antagonists L
8.1.2 H2-receptor antagonists L
8.2 Histamine release blockers L
VIIth and VIIIth semesters.
1. Autonomic drugs
1.1 Cholinergic mechanisms L/T
1.1.1 cholinomimetics L/T
1.1.2 cholinoceptor blocking drugs L/T
1.2 Adrenergic mechanisms L/T
1.2.1 sympathomimetics L/T
1.2.2 adrenoceptor blockers L/T
1.3 ganglion blockers L/T
1.4 pharmacological modification of autonomic function L/T
1.4.1 clinical applications of drugs acting at cholinoceptors T
1.4.2 clinical applications of drugs acting at adrenoceptors T
2. Cardiovascular drugs
2.1 cardiovascular agents L/T
2.1.1 Inotropic agents L/T
2.1.1.1 Cardiac glcosides L/T
2.1.1.2 beta-adrenoceptor blockers L/T
2.1.1.3 phosphodiesterase inhibitors L/T
2.1.2 Agents used in cardiac arrhythmias L/T
2.1.2.1 Agents stabilizing cell membranes L/T
2.1.2.2 Beta adrenoceptor-blocking drugs L/T
2.1.2.3 Drugs prolonging the effective refractory period L/T
2.1.2.4 Calcium-channel blocking drugs L/T
2.2 Treatment of angina pectoris L/T
2.2.1 Nitrates and nitrites L/T
2.2.2 Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs L/T
2.2.3 Calcium channel blocking drugs L/T
2.2.4 The derivatives of syndoimine L/T
2.2.5 The pharmacological treatment of angina pectoris T
2.3 Agents used in hyperlipidemia T
2.3.1 Agents decreasing the lipids level T
2.3.2 Bile acid-binding resins T
2.3.3 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors T
2.4 The pharmacological basis of antihypertensive therapy
2.4.1 Drugs altering the sympathetic nervous system function L/T
2.4.1.1 Centrally acting drugs L/T
2.4.1.2 Peripherally acting drugs L/T
2.4.2 Ganglion-blocking agents L/T
2.4.3 Vasodilators L/T
2.4.4 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) L/T
2.4.5 Diuretics L/T
2.4.6 Pharmacotherapy of hypertension L/T
2.4.6.1 Principles of monotherapy in hypertension L/T
2.4.6.2 Principles of polypharmacy in hypertension L/T
2.5 Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy of acute peripheral circulatory insufficiency L/T
2.5.1 Drug used in the treatment of shock L/T
2.5.1.1 Blood derived therapeutic products. Blood plasma volume expanders L/T
2.5.1.2 Glucocorticoids L/T
2.5.1.3 Sympathomimetics L/T
2.5.1.4 Other drugs used in the treatment of shock L/T
2.5.2 Antihistamines L/T
2.5.2.1 H1-receptor antagonists L/T
2.5.3 Analeptics L/T
2.6 Drugs used to treat blood diseases L/T
2.6.1 Drugs used in disorders of coagulation L/T
2.6.1.1 Anticoagulant drugs L/T
2.6.1.2 Fibrinolytic agents L/T
2.6.1.3 Fibrinolytic inhibitors L/T
2.6.1.4 Antithrombotic drugs L/T
2.6.1.5 Drugs used in bleeding disorders L/T
2.6.2 Drugs used in red blood cell disorders L/T
2.6.2.1 Agents used in anemias L/T
2.6.2.2 Drugs used in the treatment of methemoglobinemia L/T
2.6.2.3 Drugs used in polycythemia L/T
2.6.3 Drugs used in white cell disorders L/T
2.6.3.1 Agents used in granulocytopenias L/T
2.6.4 Immunosuppressive agents L/T
3. Drugs with important actions on smooth and skeletal muscle
3.1 Spasmolytic agents T
3.2 Skeletal muscle relaxants T
4. Drugs acting in the central nervous system
4.1 Sedative-hypnotics L/T
4.1.1 Barbiturates L/T
4.1.2 Non-barbiturate sedative-hypnotics L/T
4.1.3 Sedative phytotherapeutics and bromide salts L/T
4.1.4 EthanolL/T
4.1.5 Pharmacological treatment of anxiety statesL/T
4.2 Psychotropic drugs L/T
4.2.1 Antipsychotic agents L/T
4.2.2 Antidepressant agents L/T
4.2.3 Drugs for affective disorders I L/T
4.2.4 Drugs for affective disorders II L/T
4.3 Antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacologic management of parkinsonism L
4.3.1 Antiepileptic drugs L
4.3.1.1 Drugs used in partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures L
4.3.1.2 Drugs used in generalized seizures L
4.3.1.3 Other drugs used in the management of epilepsy L
4.3.2 Drugs used in parkinsonism L
4.3.2.1 Dopamine agonists L
4.3.2.2 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I) L
4.3.2.3 Acetylcholine-blocking drugs L
4.4 Opioid analgesics L/T
4.4.1 Endogenous opiopeptins L/T
4.4.2 Morphine and other opioid alkaloids L/T
4.4.3 Synthetic agents L/T
4.4 Opioid antagonists L/T
4.5 General anesthetics L/T
4.5.1 Inhaled anesthetics L/T
4.5.2 Intravenous anesthetics L/T
4.5.3 Drugs used in pre-medication
5. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
5.1 Carboxylic acid derivatives L/T
5.1.1 SalicylatesL/T
5.1.2 Acetic acid derivativesL/T
5.1.3 Propionic acid derivativesL/T
5.1.4 Anthranilic acid derivatives L/T
5.2 Enolic acid derivatives L/T
5.2.1 Pyrazolone deivatives L/T
5.2.2 Oxicams L/T
5.3 Paraaminophenol derivatives L/T
5.4 Combined therapy with NSAIDS L/T
6. Local anesthetics
6.1 Esters L/T
6.2 Amides L/T
6.3 Other agents used as local anesthetics L/T
6.4 Drugs irritating sensory neurone terminals L/T
7. Drugs used in gastrointestinal diseases T
7.1 Drugs affecting gastric secretion T
7.1.1 Gastric acid secretory stimulants T
7.1.2 Drugs used in acid-peptic disease T
7.1.2.1 Antacids T
7.1.2.2 Mucosal protective agents T
7.1.2.3 H2-receptor antagonists T
7.1.2.4 Proton pump inhibitors T
7.1.2.5 Other drugs used in the acid-peptic disease T
7.2 Drugs affecting emesis T
7.2.1 Emesis inductors T
7.2.2 Antiemetic agents T
7.2.2.1 Neuroleptic agents T
7.2.2.2 H1-receptor antagonists T
7.2.2.3 Antimuscarinic agents T
7.3 Laxatives T
7.4 Antidiarrheal drugs T
7.5 Anthelmintic drugs T
7.6 Cholagogues and Choleretics T
8 Pharmacology of the respiratory tract
8.1 Antitussives T
8.1.1 Centrally acting antitussive agents T
8.1.1.1 Derivatives of opioid alkaloids T
8.1.1.2 Non-opioid centrally acting antitussive agents T
8.1.2 Peripherally acting antitussive agents T
8.2 Expectorants T
8.3 Secretolytics T
8.4 Drugs used for prevention and treatment of bronchoconstriction T
8.4.1 Bronchodilators T
8.4.1.1 Beta-adrenoceptor agonists T
8.4.1.1 Methylxanthine drugs T
8.4.1.3 Corticosteroids T
8.4.1.4 Other drugs used in the treatment of bronchal spastic contractions T
8.4.2 Pharmacotherapy of asthma attacks and asthmatic states T
9. Chemotherapy T
9.1 Pharmacological principles of antimicrobial drug use T
9.1.1 Antibacterial agents T
9.1.2 Antiviral chemotherapy T
9.1.3 Antifungal agents T
9.1.4 Antiprotozoal agents T
9.1.5 Chemoprophylaxis of the gastrointestinal tract T
9.1.6 Urinary antiseptics T
10 Pharmacologic management of the poisoned patient T
10.1 Specific and unspecific antidotes T
10.2 Decontamination procedures T
10.3 Toxicological features of drug overdose T
10.3.1 General and pharmacologic management of antipsychotic, lithium and antidepressant
agents overdose T
10.3.2 General and pharmacologic management of opioid analgesics overdose T
10.3.3 General and pharmacologic management of salicylism T
10.3.4 General and pharmacologic management of barbiturates overdose T
10.4 Management of heavy metal salts poisoning T
10.5 Management of methanol, ethylene glycol and ethanol intoxication T
10.6 Management of carbon monoxide poisoning T
11. Rational and optimal pharmacotherapy
11.1 Clinical interpretation of pharmacokinteic parameters T
11.1.1 Bioavailability T
11.1.2 Volume of distribution T
11.1.3 Distribution coefficient T
11.1.4 Half-life T
11.1.5 Elimination constant T
11.1.6 Clearance T
11.1.7 Steady-state T
11.2 Therapeutic equivanents and therapeutic alternatives T
11.3 Pharmacokinetics in everyday bed-side patients care T
12. Vitamins
12.1 Water soluble vitamins. Students are required to study the topic on their own using
available literature references.
12.2 Fat soluble vitamins. Students are required to study the topic on their own using
available literature references.
12.3 Multi-vitamin preparations. Students are required to study the topic on their own
using available literature references.
13. Contrast media. Students are required to study the topic on their own using available literature references.
14. Drug therapy in pregnancy L
15. Special aspects of pediatric and geriatric pharmacology L
Students of the medical faculty subscribe to a course in pharmacology and toxicology within 6-8 semesters of their university curriculum. The full course includes lectures (L-45 h) and compulsory classes and tutorials (T-105)